การติดตั้งใช้งานภาษาไทยบนลินุกซ์
Setting and Using Thai on Linux

Text Console
X Window
X Terminal
GNOME
KDE
LaTeX
LyX
Abiword

Text Console

Console-tool root dir
- RedHat: /lib/kbd
- Mandrake: /usr/lib/kbd
- Debian: /usr/share
Keyboard
- Put th.kmap in $LCTROOT/keymaps/i386/qwerty
- loadkeys th
Console font
- Put *.psf in $LCTROOT/consolefonts
- Call either
  consolechars -m cp437 -f <font>
  or
  setfont -m cp437 <font>
Packages
- console-tools : loadkeys, consolechars, setfont
- console-data : console fonts, keymaps
Resource
- ftp://ftp.nectec.or.th/pub/thailinux/cvs/software/thai-console-data

X Window : Input Method

X Keyboard map (XKB)
- Immediate: setxkbmap th
- Permanent: add to /etc/X11/XF86Config-4 or /etc/X11/XF86Config:
```
       Section "InputDevice"
          ...
          Option "XkbLayout" "th"
          ...
       EndSection
              
```
- Language switching:
  - Alt-LeftShift for English
  - Alt-RightShift for Thai
X Input Method (XIM)
- Set locale to th_TH: export LANG=th_TH
- Locale modifiers: export XMODIFIERS="@im=<mode>", where
  - <mode>=Passthrough : no check (WTT level 0)
  - <mode>=BasicCheck : basic check (WTT level 1) [default]
  - <mode>=Strict : strict check (WTT level 2)

X Window : Fonts

Preparing font path

Bitmap font

     cd /your/font/path
     mkfontdir

Type1 font

     cd /your/font/path
     type1inst
     mkfontdir

TrueType font

     cd /your/font/path
     ttmkfdir > fonts.scale
     mkfontdir -e /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/encodings

Adding font path

Immediate:

    xset fp+ `pwd`
    xset fp rehash

Permanent:

Without font server: add to /etc/X11/XF86Config[-4]

        Section "Files"
            ...
            FontPath  "/your/font/path1"
            FontPath  "/your/font/path2"
            ...
        EndSection

With font server: add to /etc/X11/fs/config

        catalogue=/your/font/path1,/your/font/path2

and restart X font server

        /etc/rc.d/init.d/xfs restart

or use chkfontpath (RedHat & Mandrake only)

        chkfontpath --remove `pwd`
        chkfontpath --add `pwd`

X Terminal : xiterm+thai

Normal invoking: txiterm or xiterm
Language switching: Ctrl-Space or normal XKB switching
Note: switching with Ctrl-Space wouldn't activate XIM
Thai options:
- -tspace <n> : n spaces to trigger compensation
- -tkb <mode> : Thai keyboard map; <mode> = tis|ket
- -tim <mode> : Thai input method; <mode> = BasicCheck|Strict|Passthrough
X resources: (~/.Xresources or ~/.Xdefaults)
- Format: xiterm*<resource>: <value>
- Resources:
  - thai_space: <n> : n spaces to trigger compensation
  - thai_keyboard: <mode> : tis|ket
  - thai_im: <mode> : BasicCheck|Strict|Passthrough
  - cursorColor: <color> : English cursor color
  - cursorColorThai: <color> : Thai cursor color

GNOME

Keyboard : Same as X
Fonts
- GNOME Control Center -> Desktop -> Theme Selector User Font -> Use custom font, select your font
- Known problem: font won't reflect setting
  - Remove or rename /etc/gtk/gtkrc.th and ~/.gtkrc.th

KDE

Keyboard
- Right-click at keyboard language icon in kpanel, choose "Configure..."
- Select the languages and language switcher you like
Fonts
- KDE Control Center -> Look & Feel -> Font

LaTeX

Preamble
- \usepackage[thai]{babel}
Word segmentation
- swath -f latex < yourdoc.tex > yourdoc.ttex
Compiling
- latex yourdoc.ttex
Screen viewing
- xdvi yourdoc.dvi
Postscript generation
- dvips -o yourdoc.ps yourdoc.dvi
PDF generation
- pdflatex yourdoc.ttex

Example Document

  \documentclass[a4paper]{article}
  \usepackage[thai]{babel}

  \begin{document}
  สวัสดีครับ
  \end{document}

LyX : LaTeX Editor

Keyboard
- Edit -> Preferences -> Lang Opts tab -> Language tab
  - Check on the Keyboard map
  - Set 1st keymap to null
  - Set 2nd keymap to thai-kedmanee
- Quit and add to ~/.lyx/preference :
```
      \bind "C-backslash" "keymap-toggle"
              
```
  This makes Ctrl-Backslash the language toggle key
Fonts
- Edit -> Preferences -> Look & Feel tab -> Screen Fonts tab
  - Select Thai fonts for Roman, Sans Serif, Typewriter
  - Encoding should be tis620-0

(Thanks to K.Chanop for the LyX Howto)

Abiword

Keyboard
- Upgrade to version 0.9.4
- export LANG=th_TH before calling
Fonts
- Create $ABISUITE_HOME/fonts/TIS620 subdir
- $ABISUITE_HOME can be found by
```
     grep "ABISUITE_HOME=" `which abiword`
              
```
- Copy or make symlink of TrueType fonts into the $ABISUITE_HOME/fonts/TIS620 subdir
- In the $ABISUITE_HOME/fonts/TIS620 subdir, run
```
     ttfadmin.sh `pwd` TIS-620
              
```
  (Do not shoot me if you get some errors. The patch has not been checked in yet.
- (optional) Make the fonts accessible to X font server
Remapping workaround (Problem: all Thai upper/lower marks are remapped into Tho Than)
- Tools -> Preferences; Click OK
- Quit and edit ~/.AbiSuite/AbiWord.Profile : add RemapGlyphsMasterSwitch="0" attribute to _custom_ scheme

This slide source is available at ftp://ftp.nectec.or.th/pub/thailinux/cvs/docs/thai-howto/

การติดตั้งใช้งานภาษาไทยบนลินุกซ์ Setting and Using Thai on Linux

Contents

X Window : Fonts

การติดตั้งใช้งานภาษาไทยบนลินุกซ์
Setting and Using Thai on Linux