การติดตั้งใช้งานภาษาไทยบนลินุกซ์
Setting and Using Thai on Linux

Text Console
X Window
GNOME 2 / KDE 3
X Terminal
LaTeX
LyX

Text Console

Console-tool root dir
- RedHat: /lib/kbd
- Mandrake: /usr/lib/kbd
- Debian: /usr/share
Keyboard
- Put th.kmap in $LCTROOT/keymaps/i386/qwerty/
- # loadkeys th-win-latin1
Console font
- Put *.psf in $LCTROOT/consolefonts/
- Put tis620.acm in $LCTROOT/consoletrans/
- Call either
  # consolechars -m tis620 -f <font>
  or
  # setfont -m tis620 <font>
Red Hat
- keyboard: /etc/sysconfig/keyboard
  - KEYTABLE=th-win-latin1
- console font: /etc/sysconfig/i18n
  - SYSFONT=<font>
  - SYSFONTACM=tis620
Debian
- keyboard: /etc/console/boottime.kmap.gz
  - Make sure to dpkg-reconfigure console-data and choose "Don't touch keymap"
  - # install-keymap th-win-latin1
- console font: /etc/console-tools/config
  - SCREEN_FONT=<font>
  - APP_CHARSET_MAP=tis620
Packages
- console-tools : loadkeys, consolechars, setfont
- console-data : console fonts, keymaps
Resource
- http://linux.thai.net/pub/thailinux/cvs/software/thai-console-data/

X Window : Input Method

X Keyboard map (XKB)

Immediate:
$ setxkbmap us,th_tis -option grp:alt_shift_toggle,lv3:ralt_switch,grp_led:scroll
or, for Xorg 7:
$ setxkbmap us,th -variant basic,tis -option grp:alt_shift_toggle,lv3:ralt_switch,grp_led:scroll

Permanent: add to /etc/X11/XF86Config-4 or /etc/X11/XF86Config:

  Section "InputDevice"
     ...
     Option "XkbLayout" "us,th_tis"
     Option "XkbOptions" "grp:alt_shift_toggle,lv3:ralt_switch,grp_led:scroll"
     ...
  EndSection

or, for Xorg 7, add to /etc/X11/xorg.conf:

  Section "InputDevice"
     ...
     Option "XkbLayout" "us,th"
     Option "XkbVariant" "basic,tis"
     Option "XkbOptions" "grp:alt_shift_toggle,lv3:ralt_switch,grp_led:scroll"
     ...
  EndSection

Language switching: Alt-Shift
Level 3 shift: Right-Alt

X Input Method (XIM)
- Set locale to th_TH:
  $ export LANG=th_TH
- Locale modifiers:
  $ export XMODIFIERS="@im=<mode>", where
  - <mode>=Passthrough : no check (WTT level 0)
  - <mode>=BasicCheck : basic check (WTT level 1) [default]
  - <mode>=Strict : strict check (WTT level 2)
- For Red Hat: you may specify in /etc/sysconfig/i18n or ~/.i18n like this:
```
  LANG=th_TH
  XIM=<mode>
```
- For Debian: to set your system-wide default locale:
```
  # dpkg-reconfigure locales
```
  or directly edit /etc/environment

X Window : Fonts

Preparing font path

Bitmap font
```
  # cd /your/font/path
  # mkfontdir
```

Type1 font

  # cd /your/font/path
  # type1inst
  # mkfontdir

or, for XFree86 4.3.0:

  # cd /your/font/path
  # mkfontscale -e tis620-0 -e tis620-2
  # mkfontdir -e /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/encodings

or, for Xorg 7:

  # cd /your/font/path
  # mkfontscale -a tis620-0 -a tis620-2
  # mkfontdir -e /usr/share/fonts/X11/encodings

TrueType font

  # cd /your/font/path
  # ttmkfdir > fonts.scale
  # mkfontdir -e /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/encodings

or, for XFree86 4.3.0:

  # cd /your/font/path
  # mkfontscale -e tis620-0 -e tis620-2
  # mkfontdir -e /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/encodings

or, for Xorg 7:

  # cd /your/font/path
  # mkfontscale -a tis620-0 -a tis620-2
  # mkfontdir -e /usr/share/fonts/X11/encodings

Adding font path

Immediate:
```
  $ xset fp+ `pwd`
  $ xset fp rehash
```

Permanent:

Without font server: add to /etc/X11/XF86Config[-4] (or /etc/X11/xorg.conf)

  Section "Files"
      ...
      FontPath  "/your/font/path1"
      FontPath  "/your/font/path2"
      ...
  EndSection

With font server: add to /etc/X11/fs/config

  catalogue=/your/font/path1,/your/font/path2

and restart X font server

  # /etc/rc.d/init.d/xfs restart

or use chkfontpath (RedHat & Mandrake only)

  # chkfontpath --remove `pwd`
  # chkfontpath --add `pwd`

GNOME 2 / KDE 3

Fonts
- copy your fonts under a subdir beneath what listed in "<dir>...</dir>" entries in /etc/fonts/fonts.conf (normally, /usr/share/fonts, ~/.fonts)
- invoke:
```
  # fc-cache -f [/your/font/path]
```
  to update fontconfig cache

X Terminal : xiterm+thai

Normal invoking: txiterm or xiterm
Language switching: Ctrl-Space or normal XKB switching
Note: switching with Ctrl-Space wouldn't activate XIM
Thai options:
- -tspace <n> : n spaces to trigger compensation
- -tkb <mode> : Thai keyboard map; <mode> = tis|ket
- -tim <mode> : Thai input method; <mode> = BasicCheck|Strict|Passthrough
X resources: (~/.Xresources or ~/.Xdefaults)
- Format: xiterm*<resource>: <value>
- Resources:
  - thai_space: <n> : n spaces to trigger compensation
  - thai_keyboard: <mode> : tis|ket
  - thai_im: <mode> : BasicCheck|Strict|Passthrough
  - cursorColor: <color> : English cursor color
  - cursorColorThai: <color> : Thai cursor color

LaTeX

Preamble
- \usepackage[thai]{babel}
Word segmentation
- swath -f latex < yourdoc.tex > yourdoc.ttex
Compiling
- latex yourdoc.ttex
Screen viewing
- xdvi yourdoc.dvi
Postscript generation
- dvips -o yourdoc.ps yourdoc.dvi
PDF generation
- pdflatex yourdoc.ttex

Example Document

  \documentclass[a4paper]{article}
  \usepackage[thai]{babel}

  \begin{document}
  สวัสดีครับ
  \end{document}

LyX : LaTeX Editor

Keyboard
- Edit -> Preferences -> Lang Opts tab -> Language tab
  - Check on the Keyboard map
  - Set 1st keymap to null
  - Set 2nd keymap to thai-kedmanee
- Quit and add to ~/.lyx/preference :
```
  \bind "C-backslash" "keymap-toggle"
```
  This makes Ctrl-Backslash the language toggle key
Fonts
- Edit -> Preferences -> Look & Feel tab -> Screen Fonts tab
  - Select Thai fonts for Roman, Sans Serif, Typewriter
  - Encoding should be tis620-0

(Thanks to K.Chanop for the LyX Howto)

การติดตั้งใช้งานภาษาไทยบนลินุกซ์ Setting and Using Thai on Linux

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